Aeroplane.



A. P; BIAIS, J. J. CAMBOU & C. M. l. BAILLOD.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18, 1914. RENEWED MAR. 13, I915.

1,153,?5. PatentedSept. 14, 1915.

p a; o.

AUGUSTE PIERRE BIAIS AND JEAN JULES CAMBOU, OF BORDEAUX, AND CHARLES MARIE JOSEPH BAILLOD,

OF COLOMBES, FRANCE.

AEROPLANE.

Patented Sept. 14, 1915.

Application filed February 18, 1914, Serial No. 819,552.. Renewed. March 13, 1915. Serial No. 14,217.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, AUGUs'rE PIERRE BIAIS, JEAN JULns CAMBOU, and CHARLES MARIE JOSEPH BAILLOD, citizens of the French Republic, and residents, respectively, of Bordeaux, Bordeaux and Colombes, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Aeroplanes, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to such kind of machine in which the angle of inclination of each plane varies automatically in the 'wind according to the motive power of the propeller and to the changing force and direction of the winds striking the planes, the total of the wind pressures exerted on both independent systems of planes passing invariably through the axis of the plane shaft whatever may be the inclination of the plane; in such kind of machine shafts are disposed in line and rigidly secured to the frame and extend laterally at each side of the latter and on each shaft is loosely and independently pivoted a plane connected with a fin placed below and hingedly connected to the plane by means of links, plane and fin forming with said connecting links an articulated parallelogram maintained in a tensioned position by elastic means, the tension being controlled in a suitable manner from the drivers seat.

Now, the novel arrangement forming the object of the present invention consists in that the articulated parallelogram, formed by each plane and its fin and the links piv- -otally suspended from the rear portion of the plane and pivoted to the upper side of the fin, may be changed into an articulated quadrilateral of varying shape so that the angle of inclination between the plane and fin varies more or less quickly progressively when the fin, under the action of the wind, moves toward the rear of the plane.

The novel arrangement is shown in the accompanying drawing. It consists in providing an articulated quadrilateral of varying shape in such a manner that the aviator may give same the desired shape before starting. Link J is pivoted to plane B and to fin C. The upper end of link J is pivoted to one-end of a rod T and to fin C. Rod T is provided with slots P and Q.' In slot Q is engaged the bolt of a set screw 1 S which also projects through an are shaped slot R provided at a body U integral with the end of plane B. When unscrewing the nut of screw S, rod T may be moved as follows: 1. It may slide by means of slots P and Q on the pivot of link J and on screw bolt S. 2. It may pivot on a bolt Y formed with link J, when the screw bolt S is shifted along the slot R on body U of wing B. Such an arrangement is provided on both ends-of the system of planes.

It may be readily understood that, when moving the rod T, (sliding and pivoting motion), the shape of the quadrilateral varies. \Vhen the aviator has obtained the position which he-thinks fit for getting a satisfactory efiiciency of both systems of wings, he tightens the nuts of the set screws S so that the rods T are rigidly secured on the planes B.

It is shown from the line V (in dotted lines) of plane B and from the lines X, X of fin C at both extreme positions, that, when the fin moves toward the rear of plane B, its inclination with respect to that of the plane has increased. This variation of in clination between the plane and the fin, when the latter moves toward the rear of the plane, depends upon the shape of the quadrilateral. The Varying of inclination of the fin with respect to the plane provides the result that the fin has a sustaining force which increases more or less quickly according to the shape of the quadrilateral.

When the fin, operated by the wind, moves toward the rear of the plane, the lever arm of the resulting force with respect to the axis L increases and, as on the other hand the sustaining force of the fin with respect to the plane increases also, the moment, with respect to the axis L, of the force exerted on the fin can only increase more quickly with respect to the moment of the force exerted on the plane. It may be readily understood that such novel arrangement provides results equal to that obtained by an articulated parallelogram, while on the other hand the displacement of the fin toward the rear of the plane and the length of the links J and J may be reduced.

Links J and J are only provided at both ends of the plane B and fin C. No traction ropes are used for controlling the links J and the quadrilateral is only connected to the springs by means of the traction ropes 0 connected to each link J at each end of the planes. The curvature of the plane may dilfer from that of the fin. The plane and fin may be single or double curved.

Having now fully described our said invention, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an aeroplane, in combination, independent plane systems at each side of the machine, a fin substantially parallel to each plane, substantially parallel loosely pivoted links supporting said fins, and means for adjusting the pivotal connections for changing the system to or from a parallelogram or quadrilateral thereby to obtain quickly a variation of the angle of inclination between the plane and the fin when the fin moves rearwardly under the action of the wind.

2. In an aeroplane, in combination with means for producing the automatic varying of inclination, of independent plane systems located at each side of the machine and se-- curing the constancy of the center of pressure, said means comprising a plane, a fin, hinged connections therebetween formed by an upper rod adjacent the end of said plane,

links suspended from the opposite ends of said rod and pivoted at the corresponding. ends of the fin, slots associated with the opposite endsof said rod, a hinge bolt associated with one of said links and project-' ing through one of said slots of the rod, which latter slides on said bolt, an extension at the end of the plane, an arcshape slot in said extension and extending across the second slot of said rod, means projecting through both crosswise disposed slots and slidable therein so that the aviator may change the shape of the quadrilateral formed by said slotted rod, links, and the fin and means for controlling said links of the quad- 40 rilateral from the aviators seat,

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two witnesses.

AUGUSTE PIERRE BIAIS. JEAN JULES CAMBOU. CHARLES MARIE JOSEPH BAILLOD. Witnesses to Biais and Baillod:

Hanson 0. 002m, FBANQOIS MERPRAUD- Witnesses to Cambou:

ELIE Foreman, CHARLES JULES Mauro Ramon) Rosmnou. 

